The Dynamics Of Collaboration In Empowering Communities Affected By The Development Of Dhoho International Airport, Kediri, Indonesia

Abstract

The construction of Dhoho International Airport in Kediri, Indonesia, as part of a national strategic infrastructure initiative, has generated significant economic opportunities while simultaneously posing social and environmental challenges for local communities. This study examines the dynamics of collaborative processes in empowering communities affected by the airport development. Guided by the frameworks of Collaborative Governance and Stakeholder Theory, the research adopts a qualitative case study approach to explore stakeholder interactions, power relations, and participatory mechanisms. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and document analysis, and analyzed thematically. Findings reveal that while the government plays a central role as a facilitator, its limitations in transparency and communication have undermined community trust and participation. Community involvement remains largely symbolic, hindered by limited capacity and access to information. The private sector, although critical in providing technical and financial support, tends to prioritize project efficiency over empowerment. Key factors contributing to successful collaboration include trust-building, the role of neutral mediators such as NGOs, and inclusive, participatory planning processes. Conversely, challenges such as conflicting stakeholder interests, lack of transparency, and community disempowerment impede collaborative effectiveness. The study concludes that collaborative approaches hold strong potential for achieving socially equitable outcomes in infrastructure development. However, realizing this potential requires policy reforms, sustained community capacity-building, and institutionalized mechanisms for transparent and inclusive engagement. These findings offer theoretical and practical contributions to the discourse on community empowerment and collaborative governance in developing country contexts.