Gender Differences In Gig Work Intentions Among Gen Z: Motivators And Barriers

Abstract

Background: The gig economy, known for its flexibility, autonomy, and digital opportunities, is reshaping the job market. These characteristics particularly appeal to Generation Z, who are highly digital and form the youngest segment of the workforce. However, differences between genders may exist regarding their intentions to pursue gig work, influenced by distinct motivations, perceived challenges, cultural expectations, and varying access to resources.

Purpose: This research explores gender-based disparities in Gen Z’s intentions to participate in gig employment. It examines key motivators—including independence, financial adaptability, and opportunities for skill acquisition—as well as obstacles such as employment uncertainty, safety issues, and societal attitudes.

Method: A quantitative survey gathered responses from 200 Gen Z individuals (both male and female, aged 18–26) studying or starting their careers in Tier-2 and Tier-3 areas across Telangana. Data analysis involved statistical tools to highlight gender differences driving gig work intentions. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that includes survey data, the study also employs the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as its central framework. Scale reliability and validity were confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Independent samples t-tests and multi-group analysis within the PLS-SEM framework further examined gender-based variations in relevant constructs and tested the study’s hypotheses.

Conclusion: The analysis reveals a significant gender gap in gig work intention, with men demonstrating a markedly higher inclination to participate than women. This disparity is not superficial but is deeply rooted in divergent motivations and barriers. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is confirmed to be a valid framework for understanding these differences, as gender is shown to be a crucial moderating variable. Results point to notable gender distinctions: although both men and women value flexibility, men are more drawn by entrepreneurial ambitions, while women are more concerned about income insecurity, safety, and social acceptance. The study offers actionable insights for policymakers, digital platform developers, and educators seeking to promote gender equity in the gig workforce. It concludes with strategic suggestions to strengthen targeted support systems, build trust in gig platforms, and encourage sustained engagement in gig work.

Implications: These findings highlight the importance for stakeholders—including policymakers, platform operators, and educators—to adopt gender-responsive approaches. Attention should be given to women’s needs for financial stability, personal safety, and societal validation, while also nurturing entrepreneurship and skill growth for all. Such initiatives can foster a more balanced and inclusive gig workforce, especially in emerging regions like Telangana.

Novelty: What sets this research apart is its focus on Generation Z in non-metropolitan India and its use of gender-specific analysis to uncover intricate psychological and cultural drivers behind gig work participation. Utilizing rigorous methods and providing practical recommendations, this study bridges crucial knowledge gaps and offers a clear pathway for promoting equitable participation in the digital labour economy.