Comparative Evaluation Of Ivermectin Topical Gel And Reported Formulations: Anti-Tick Efficacy Assessment At 12 Hours

Abstract

This study investigated the comparative anti-tick efficacy of Ivermectin topical gel formulations with a focus on the optimized batch (F3) against marketed ivermectin products at the 12-hour interval. Ivermectin gels were prepared using Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent, triethanolamine for pH adjustment, and sodium benzoate as preservative. The formulations were characterized for viscosity, spreadability, homogeneity, drug content, and in vitro release profiles. Among the developed batches, F3 demonstrated optimal physicochemical properties and sustained zero-order drug release. In vivo anti-tick efficacy studies conducted on rabbit ear pinnae revealed that F3 significantly outperformed marketed ivermectin oral tablets, and subcutaneous formulations in terms of rapid tick detachment and mortality within 12 hours. The superior activity was attributed to enhanced skin penetration, prolonged retention time, and continuous drug exposure at the site of infestation. Stability studies further confirmed that F3 retained its physical, chemical, and microbial integrity over six months. The findings underscore the therapeutic potential of ivermectin topical gels as a safer, more effective, and animal-compliant alternative to conventional ivermectin dosage forms in veterinary practice.