Hydropower Development In Jammu And Kashmir: Technical Potential, Sustainability, And Project Landscape

Abstract

Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), a union territory nestled in the Himalayan region, possesses abundant hydropower potential due to its topography and perennial river systems such as the Indus, Chenab, Jhelum, and Ravi. Despite an estimated potential exceeding 20,000 MW, only about 3,263 MW—roughly 19.8%—has been harnessed to date. This underutilization stems from geopolitical, environmental, economic, and infrastructural challenges. This paper investigates the current hydropower scenario in J&K, analyzes sustainability and technological considerations, presents detailed case studies of major projects, and offers strategic recommendations for maximizing this renewable resource in a sustainable and inclusive manner.