Awareness Regarding Role Of Physiotherapy In The Care Of Children Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

Background - Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that usually appears in early childhood, affecting communication, social interaction, and behavior. Along with these core difficulties, many children with ASD also experience motor impairments such as poor coordination, postural instability, and atypical gait, which can hinder daily functioning and independence. Physiotherapy plays an important role in addressing these challenges. It focuses on improving strength, balance, posture, coordination, and motor planning while also supporting respiratory control and musculoskeletal alignment. Through structured physical activity and therapy, children with ASD can develop essential gross and fine motor skills, enhancing participation in play, learning, and self-care activities. Physiotherapy also promotes sensory integration and overall physical well-being. Despite proven benefits, awareness about the role of physiotherapy in ASD care remains low among parents, caregivers, and even some healthcare providers. Limited awareness often leads to delayed or missed opportunities for early intervention, which is critical for maximizing developmental outcomes. Raising awareness can help ensure timely referrals, better collaboration among professionals, and broader community support. Ultimately, physiotherapy can significantly enhance functional independence and quality of life for children with ASD and their families.

Objective- 1. To survey and check the awareness regarding role of physiotherapy in the care of children autism spectrum disorder. 2. To check awareness regarding the effect of autism spectrum disorder on children. 3.To identify the risk factors of autism on children. 4. To evaluate the impact of autism spectrum disorder on children.

Methodolgy- This observational survey study was conducted in Karad using simple random sampling, with a calculated sample size of 162 based on prevalence data (p = 12%, Z = 1.96, L = 5). Participants included male and female children aged 1.5–3 years, while those with comorbidities, genetic disorders, non-verbal behavior, or poor responsiveness were excluded. Data were collected over 6–12 months using a validated questionnaire (Google Form), data sheets, and consent forms. Parents were informed about the study, consent was obtained, and instructions were provided prior to participation. Statistical analysis was performed after data collection. Ethical clearance was granted by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Karad, with all participants enrolled voluntarily under assured confidentiality.

RESULT- Among 40 participants (60% male, 40% female; mostly aged 2–15 years), awareness levels were generally low. While 34% noted lack of common sense, 40% lacked close friendships, and 75% observed deviant gaze, knowledge of health-related issues was poor. Only 25–38% recognized diabetes-related complications, 15% knew about nerve dysfunction, and less than 6% were aware of gait or balance issues, specialized footwear, or physiotherapy’s role. Although 68% agreed diabetes control prevents foot injury, just 9% reported regular foot care. Overall, physiotherapy awareness was minimal.

Conclusion- Awareness of physiotherapy’s role in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is vital for enhancing children’s motor skills, sensory integration, and overall functioning. This study highlights the positive impact of physiotherapy and the need for collaboration among healthcare providers, caregivers, and the community. Greater education and advocacy can ensure timely access to specialized care, helping children with ASD reach their full potential and improving quality of life for both them and their families.