Prevalence Of Depression, Stress And Associated Risk Factors Among The Elderly Population In Kanchipuram District – A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

India is undergoing a major demographic transition with a rapidly growing elderly population, projected to exceed 300 million by 2050. This shift brings with it significant public health challenges, especially in rural areas where healthcare access, social support systems, and mental health infrastructure remain limited. One of the most under-recognized issues is psychosocial morbidity among the elderly, encompassing depression and stress. These conditions are frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated due to cultural stigma, poor awareness, and limited mental health resources in rural communities. This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression, stress and identify its related risk factors among older adults in the rural field practice area of a private medical college in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu.

METHODOLOGY

A cross-sectional, community-based study design was employed, including 550 participants aged 60 and older, chosen through simple random sampling from 11 villages in Padappai Panchayat. Data were gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Psychosocial Index Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 26, and logistic regression models were used to explore associations.

RESULTS

The results revealed that 51.6% of the elderly participants experienced depression, while 91.3% reported stress. These findings indicate a substantial burden of psychological morbidity among the elderly in this rural setting.

Sociodemographic factors such as marital status and income were significantly associated with these outcomes. Divorced and widowed individuals showed higher odds of depression. Montly income < Rs 1365 was found to be significantly associated with Depression.

CONCLUSION

This study provides vital evidence for the development of comprehensive geriatric mental health strategies in rural India. Strengthening rural mental health services, integrating psychosocial screening into routine geriatric care, and addressing social determinants such as income and marital status can significantly improve the quality of life and emotional well-being of elderly individuals. The findings also highlight the need for policy-level attention to support aging populations in underserved areas through sustainable health, social, and economic interventions.