The Role Of Aquaculture In Global Nutrition And Economic Development: A Long Research Article On Challenges, Opportunities, And Future Directions

Abstract

Aquaculture has become a crucial part of world food systems, offering sustainable options to satisfy increasing protein needs and boost economic development. This research examines the contribution of aquaculture to nutritional security and economic development and examines major challenges and opportunities influencing its future direction. A mixed-methods approach was taken, incorporating secondary data from global institutions supplemented by thematic review of peer-reviewed articles and chosen country case studies. Findings indicate aquaculture's explosive growth from 17 million metric tons in 1990 to 87 million in 2020, led by Asian production. Nutrient composition of aquaculture species verifies remarkable contributions to protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and vital micronutrients, augmenting dietary diversity. Economic contributions are also substantial, with the industry drawing over USD 263 billion in trading value and employing over 20 million workers globally. However, environmental challenges, disease risks, feed sustainability, and governance loopholes are significant hurdles. Technological advances and equitable policies provide appealing avenues for achieving growth and sustainability. The research highlights aquaculture's capacity to feed people, spur inclusive economies, and promote sustainable development, as long as ecological and social aspects are part of future planning.