This study investigates seasonal variations in heavy metal concentrations in sediment soils from tannery-affected regions in Ambur, Pernambut, and Vaniyambadi Taluks, Tamil Nadu. Chromium, a predominant pollutant from tanning operations, consistently exhi

Abstract

This study investigates seasonal variations in heavy metal concentrations in sediment soils from tannery-affected regions in Ambur, Pernambut, and Vaniyambadi Taluks, Tamil Nadu. Chromium, a predominant pollutant from tanning operations, consistently exhibited the highest levels across all sites. In Ambur and Pernambut, heavy metals such as chromium, lead, cadmium, iron, and zinc showed reduced concentrations post-monsoon, indicating rainfall-induced dilution, leaching, and sediment wash-off. Pernambut displayed significant post-monsoon reductions, particularly in chromium and aluminium, suggesting effective sediment redistribution. Conversely, Vaniyambadi showed minimal seasonal variation, with chromium levels remaining persistently high, implying ongoing contamination and limited hydrological flushing. Notably, cadmium levels in Vaniyambadi increased post-monsoon, pointing to remobilization or new inputs during runoff events. Comparative analysis revealed site-specific contamination patterns, with Ambur showing the highest pre-monsoon concentrations, and Vaniyambadi demonstrating consistent pollution throughout both seasons. Despite some seasonal mitigation, overall concentrations remained elevated, surpassing typical background levels and highlighting the persistent impact of industrial discharges. These findings underscore the need for continuous monitoring, improved tannery waste management, and targeted remediation strategies to prevent long-term ecological degradation and potential human health risks in these industrial regions.