Economic Policy, Land Ownership Changes, and Land Conflicts after Indonesian Independence

Abstract

This study aims to identify the development of land ownership concepts and their implications for land conflicts in Indonesia. The problem formulation examined is the relationship between economic policy and shifts in land ownership concepts after independence in Indonesia and their implications for land conflicts. The research method used is normative legal research. The results of the study show that there is a correlation between economic policy and shifts in the concept of land ownership in each government regime in Indonesia, and this has implications for the occurrence of land conflicts. During the Old Order era, the economic policy used was the Self-Reliance Economy, which upheld the implementation of agrarian reform aimed at equal distribution of land ownership. Meanwhile, after the Old Order era, namely the New Order and continuing to the current Reform era, the economic policy used has been moving towards capitalism and its offspring, which has implications for the liberalization and privatization of land control and utilization. This has resulted in the goal of agrarian reform, namely the equitable distribution of land to all people, not being comprehensively achieved to date.