Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis Of Chloroform Extracts Of Andrographis Paniculata: Identification Of Phytochemicals And Discovery Of Novel Bioactive Compounds

Abstract

This study employed Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the chloroform extracts of Andrographis paniculata, aiming to identify its phytochemical constituents and discover novel bioactive compounds. The GC-MS analysis revealed a diverse array of phytochemicals, including phenols, aromatic carboxylic acids, esters, and other volatile and semi-volatile compounds. Notably, compounds such as 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol and eicosanoic acid were identified, which are known for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The presence of these bioactive constituents underscores the therapeutic potential of A. paniculata, particularly in developing novel antimicrobial agents. This comprehensive ph1ytochemical profiling enhances our understanding of the medicinal properties of A. paniculata and supports its traditional use in herbal medicine. Andrographis paniculata, a medicinal herb renowned for its therapeutic properties, was analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‑MS) to elucidate its phytochemical profile from chloroform leaf extracts. The study identified a complex array of volatile and semi‑volatile compounds, including key bioactive such as 3,7,11,15‑tetramethyl‑2‑hexadecen‑1‑ol and eicosanoic acid compounds previously reported to possess antimicrobial and anti‑inflammatory activities. In total, multiple terpenoids, fatty acids, esters, and other secondary metabolites were detected, highlighting the extract’s chemical diversity. Comparison across different solvent extracts affirmed that chloroform is effective in isolating non‑polar phytoconstituents integral to the plant’s pharmacological actions. Notably, several minor components not commonly noted in prior literature were also observed, suggesting the possibility of novel bioactive entities deserving further exploration. These results expand on the current understanding of A. paniculata’s biochemical composition and reinforce its potential as a source of therapeutic agents. This GC‑MS‑based profiling lays the groundwork for more targeted bioactivity assays, isolation of unidentified compounds, and structure–activity relationship studies to validate their pharmacological value.