Guidelines for Managing Occupational Safety Risks for Employees in the Tak Special Economic Zone

Abstract

The expansion of industrial activity in Thailand’s Tak Special Economic Zone (SEZ) has generated both economic opportunities and occupational safety challenges. This study aimed to examine the current state of occupational safety risk management among employees in the Tak SEZ and to propose evidence-based guidelines for improving workplace safety. A survey research design was employed, with data collected from 80 employees authorized to provide information on laboratory operations, experimental work, and safety practices. The instrument, a structured questionnaire with 48 items, was validated by experts and demonstrated strong content validity (IOC = 0.75–1.00). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. The results indicated that overall occupational safety management was at a moderate level (Mean = 3.30, SD = 0.731). Among the four dimensions, safe personal practices scored the highest (Mean = 3.76, SD = 0.766), while laboratory safety management, facilities and environments, and operational practices were only moderate. Hypothesis testing revealed no significant differences by gender or educational attainment, whereas age and length of service were associated with variations in safety perceptions. Employees aged 31–40 and those with 5–10 years of service reported higher safety awareness. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive guidelines that strengthen both individual behaviors and organizational systems. The study recommends targeted training, improved infrastructure, enhanced waste management, and health promotion programs. Implementing such guidelines would protect employees, improve organizational performance, and ensure sustainable development in Thailand’s SEZs.