Epidemiological Study Of Knee Arthritis: Age- And Gender-Wise Prevalence With Radiographic Grading In A Clinical Population

Abstract

Background: Knee arthritis, particularly osteoarthritis (OA), is among the most common and debilitating joint disorders globally, especially affecting women in mid to late adulthood. It significantly hampers mobility, independence, and overall quality of life. Identifying age- and gender-related trends is crucial for timely diagnosis, prevention, and targeted intervention.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the prevalence and severity of knee arthritis across different age groups and genders using radiographic findings, analyze gender differences in arthritis occurrence, identify trends in early-onset arthritis, and suggest potential preventive measures.

Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at IPSC Pain and Spine Hospital, including 174 patients aged 25–84 years clinically and radiographically diagnosed with knee arthritis. Patients were assessed using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading system. Demographic data, side of knee involvement, arthritis type, and clinical history were collected through structured interviews and medical record reviews. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and ANOVA were used for data analysis.

Results: Out of 174 patients, 141 (81%) were female and 33 (19%) were male. The highest prevalence was observed in the 45–54 age group (31%), followed by the 55–64 age group (29.3%). Bilateral knee arthritis was predominant (74.1%). Grade III (moderate) OA was the most common radiographic finding (32.7%), particularly in females. Early arthritis (Grade 0–I) was found in 36 patients (20.6%), suggesting rising trends in early-onset arthritis.

Conclusion: Knee arthritis predominantly affects middle-aged and older women, with moderate-stage OA and bilateral knee involvement being most frequent. The findings reinforce the need for age- and gender-specific screening programs and emphasize preventive strategies, including lifestyle modification and early medical intervention. The data also support integrating clinical and radiographic evaluation for accurate grading and management.