Solanum Xanthocarpum: Antibacterial Properties, Phytochemical Profiling, And Prospects For Therapeutics

Abstract

Solanum xanthocarpum is widely recognized in traditional medicine for its therapeutic versatility. This work reviews its documented antibacterial activity, presents new compositional and bioassay data, and critically examines its prospects as a source of potent antimicrobial agents. Methanolic extracts exhibited the strongest inhibitory effects against pulmonary and urinary tract pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Key antibacterial indices—zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)—are tabulated for various extracts. Findings substantiate S. xanthocarpum’s significance as a source of antimicrobial phytochemicals, supporting further drug discovery efforts.