A Comparison Between Square-Stepping Exercise Program Versus Both Sides Up Ball Exercise Program For Balance Improvement In Older Adults With Balance Impairment: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Background: Balance depends on biomechanics, sensory input, and surface conditions but declines with age, especially after 60, raising fall risks. Falls can cause serious health issues and loss of independence. Square stepping exercises (SSE) on grid mats boosts coordination, while Both Sides Up (BOSU) ball training enhances agility and stability, highlighting physiotherapy’s vital role in fall prevention and balance improvement.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of SSE and BOSU ball exercises in enhancing older adults' balance.

Method: A pilot study involving 20 older adults (aged 60-70) assessed balance improvements. Participants met inclusion criteria (independent ambulation, mini–mental state examination (MMSE) >24, recent fall history) and exclusion criteria (severe musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, or neurological conditions; recent fractures; sensory or psychiatric impairments). Participants were randomly assigned to SSE (Group A) or BOSU Ball (Group B) exercises, training 45 minutes daily, five times a week, for four weeks. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, and Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (M-CTSIB) evaluated balance before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using a paired t-test.

Result: The study found significant balance improvements in both groups (p < 0.05). However, the SSE group exhibited more substantial balance enhancements compared to the BOSU ball exercises group.

Conclusion: In conclusion, both SSE and BOSU ball exercises improved balance in older adults, with SSE proving more effective in enhancing balance among the elderly.