Exploring Diabetes Mellitus Impact On Maxillary Or Mandibular Bone Density In Edentulous Patients: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: This systematic review assesses the impact of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) on maxillary and mandibular bone density in edentulous patients, focusing on the relationship between DM and bone mineral density (BMD) alterations and the implications for dental rehabilitation.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library using keywords like "Diabetes Mellitus," "Bone Density" and “Maxillary and Mandibular” and "Edentulous." Studies published between 2014 and 2024 were reviewed according to PRISMA guidelines. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools.

Results: The initial search identified 48 articles, 38 of which remained after duplicate removal. After screening titles and abstracts, 26 articles were selected for full-text review, resulting in 18 retrieved. Following inclusion criteria, 13 studies were excluded, leaving 5 for analysis. Three studies reported no significant differences in BMD between diabetic and non-diabetic groups, while two found significantly lower BMD in specific regions, such as the lingual cortical plate and trabecular regions, in diabetic patients.

Discussion: DM affects BMD with significant variability. Some studies found no significant differences, while others observed lower BMD in certain areas. This variability highlights the need for further research. Reduced BMD complicates denture placement and increases the risk of fractures and implant failure. Effective glycemic control is crucial for maintaining bone health and ensuring successful dental rehabilitation.

Conclusion: DM patients exhibit significant variability in BMD, underlining the need for tailored clinical approaches in dental rehabilitation.