Microalgae Based Air Purifiers: A Sustainable Approach To Urban Air Pollution Mitigation In Environmental Context

Abstract

Air pollution poses a serious threat to human health, ecosystems, and climate stability. While conventional air purification technologies provide partial relief, they often lack scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. In recent years, microalgae-based air purifiers have emerged as promising bio-inspired solutions.  Through photosynthesis, microalgae absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) and various airborne pollutants while releasing oxygen, making them ideal agents for bioremediation in urban settings. This review explores the biological mechanisms underlying microalgal air purification, evaluates major photobioreactor designs, and assesses real-world applications in urban environments. It also contextualizes the role of this innovation in broader sustainability debates, particularly within policy conflicts surrounding land use, biodiversity loss, and Indigenous rights in regions like Indonesia. Ultimately, the paper underscores the need for responsible integration of green technologies within ethically sound and ecologically sensitive policy frameworks.