Morphometric Changes in Internal Organs and Hematological Alterations Induced by TOPIK80EC Exposure in Domestic Rabbits

Abstract

This study is part of a broader investigation into the toxicological impact of the herbicide TOPIK® 80EC, which contains clodinafop-propargyl, in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). A total of 24 male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three experimental groups receiving oral doses of 1, 4, and 20 mg/kg body weight of TOPIK® 80EC daily for 30 consecutive days. A significant dose-dependent reduction in body weight gain was observed throughout the treatment period (p ≤ 0.05). While the control group exhibited normal weight progression, Groups II (4 mg/kg/day) and III (20 mg/kg/day) showed significantly reduced final body weights compared to the control (p < 0.01), with Group III displaying the most pronounced effect. Hematological analysis revealed statistically significant decreases in red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and platelet (PLT) levels in Groups II and III (p ≤ 0.05), indicating hematotoxic effects. In contrast, white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated in Groups I and II (p < 0.05), suggesting immune stimulation, but were significantly decreased in Group III (p < 0.01), indicative of bone marrow suppression or systemic toxicity. Morphometric analysis of vital organs demonstrated significant increases in the weight, length, width, and volume of the liver, kidneys, and spleen in Groups II and III compared to controls (p < 0.01), confirming organomegaly and suggesting potential toxicity. The liver and spleen exhibited the most pronounced changes, with Group III showing the greatest enlargement (p < 0.001). Overall, these findings demonstrate the multi-systemic toxic potential of TOPIK® 80EC, even at sub-lethal doses, and underscore the need for cautious herbicide use.