Pharmaceutical Approaches In The Management Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd): A Review Of Current And Emerging Therapies

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a progressive respiratory condition characterized by persistent airflow limitation and systemic complications, contributing significantly to global morbidity and mortality. The symptoms should be managed with proper pharmaceutical management and even prevent exacerbations and improve the quality of life. This review has provided a comprehensive overview of the current and new pharmacological management, such as bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, and combinations. It also looks at the application of biologic agents, kinase inhibitors, and new anti-inflammatory mediators in blocking the disease-specific pathways. The regenerative strategies, such as mesenchymal stem cells and gene-based treatments, as a prospective treatment option, are also mentioned. Among the priorities is the transition of the paradigm to personalized care based on the phenotypic and endotypic characterization, biomarkers, and pharmacogenomics to enable targeted interventions. However, there are still certain problems, such as compliance, inhaler compliance, polypharmacy, and access to affordable treatment. The review talks about these obstacles and the need to come up with real-life evidence and long-term safety. Moreover, the combination of digital inhaler technologies and intelligent monitoring systems is mentioned as a way to maximize adherence to treatment and monitor the disease. Finally, the article highlights the need to carry on research, innovation, and clinical translation to reach effective, individualized, and sustainable pharmaceutical care as a management approach to chronic pulmonary disease.