Advancing the Oman Shipping Industry: A Comprehensive Review of Digital Transformation Adoption and Regulatory Integration Using the Extended TOE Framework

Abstract

: The shipping industry is essential to Oman’s economic framework, facilitating commerce, energy exports, and geopolitical power. Oman faces the challenge of improving its marine infrastructure and operations to remain competitive amid rising global shipping demands. The use of digital technology is crucial in this shift, as it enhances operational efficiency, reduces costs, and promotes sustainability. Nonetheless, effectively executing these technologies necessitates surmounting legislative, organisational, and strategic obstacles. The Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework provides a comprehensive methodology for analysing the determinants that affect the adoption of digital advances within Oman’s marine industry. This study examines the impact of digital transformation on the shipping sector, emphasising critical technologies such as IoT, blockchain, AI, and automation that enhance efficiency, transparency, and sustainability. Moreover, Oman’s marine industry is expanding its capacity, particularly at Sohar Port, which is establishing itself as a competitive entity in the region. The nation's Vision 2040 emphasises the significance of digital transformation, seeking to diversify the economy while enhancing the maritime sector's role in global commerce. Oman is improving its competitiveness and geopolitical influence by leveraging technology and establishing itself as a naval leader. This paper examines the obstacles and opportunities of digital transformation in Oman’s shipping sector, highlighting the importance of the TOE framework in assessing the adoption of digital technology.