Spatial Estimation Of Gold (Au) And Copper (Cu) Using The Ordinary Kriging Method In The Judith Mining Concession,

Abstract

The expansion of metal mining into environmentally sensitive areas requires precise approaches to estimating the spatial distribution of minerals. This study applied geostatistical techniques to estimate the concentrations of gold (Au) and copper (Cu) in the Judith mining concession (265 ha), located in Napo, Ecuador. A total of 53 samples were systematically distributed (0.2 points/ha) and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ensuring analytical quality control. The spatial analysis used ordinary krigeado for Au and co-krigeado for Cu, integrating cross-validation in the SGeMS software. The results revealed a heterogeneous distribution: the Au presented maximum concentrations of 1.85 ppm, with a mean of 0.67 ppm and a median of 0.61 ppm in the northeast; Cu showed maximum values of 348.5 ppm, mean of 110.8 ppm and median of 109.4 ppm in the center-south. The models demonstrated a strong statistical fit (MSE: 0.013; MAE: 0.087 for Au), allowing the generation of thematic maps of spatial distribution. These estimates facilitated the delimitation of priority mineralized zones, improving extractive planning. It is concluded that geostatistics is effective in spatially projecting the concentration of Au and Cu, providing key inputs for the technical management of the resource, reduction of uncertainty and a more selective, strategic and environmentally controlled exploitation.