Current Advances and Future Directions in Water Quality Assessment: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

This review offers an in-depth examination of current methods for assessing water quality, exploring their uses, limitations, and future potential. We analyzed more than 100 recent studies to pinpoint new trends, innovative methods, and technological progress in the field of water quality monitoring and evaluation. The review emphasizes the combination of traditional physicochemical metrics with biological indicators, remote sensing technologies, and computational modeling. Additionally, we address the difficulties in creating standardized protocols for various aquatic ecosystems and suggest integrated frameworks for a comprehensive approach to water quality assessment. This synthesis provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and environmental managers dedicated to safeguarding and managing water resources amid growing human pressures and the effects of climate change.