Impact of U.S. Tariffs on International Trade: Legal Perspectives and Global Implications

Abstract

With a focus on using tariffs as a strategic tool, the current administration has significantly altered US trade policy.  Recent developments have raised serious concerns, particularly the imposition of new and increased tariffs on major trading partners like China, Canada, India, and the European Union.  This study examines the wider ramifications for international economic relations and trade regulation while analyzing the legal effects of U.S. tariffs on foreign trade. It covers the latest U.S. tariff measures, international reactions, and practical concerns for businesses operating in this shifting global trade environment.  The United States has been using tariffs more and more as tools of national security and economic power in recent years, usually avoiding traditional multilateral trade frameworks.  In addition to straining economic ties with important allies like China and the EU, these unilateral actions have damaged the credibility of organizations like the World Economic Organization (WTO).  This study evaluates the legal basis of U.S. tariff measures under domestic laws, such as Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 and Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act, and determines whether or not they are in compliance with international trade law.  The report also looks at the legal justifications for the retaliatory measures taken by the affected countries.  In order to shed light on the changing dynamics of international trade standards and the demise of multilateralism, the study looks at important trade disputes, WTO rulings, and fresh legal challenges.  In order to promote global economic stability and rule-based international cooperation, this study highlights the need for a fair and legally transparent trade policy.