Energy-Efficient Multi-Relaying with NOMA for Sustainable Communication in Smart Environments

Abstract

This paper proposes an energy-efficient communication framework tailored for smart and sustainable environments, integrating finite block length (FBL) transmission with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and hybrid one-way/two-way multi-relaying. The system employs a shared decode-and-forward (DF) relay to facilitate information exchange between two source nodes and their respective destinations, within a constrained number of channel uses—thereby optimizing spectral and energy resources. Closed-form expressions for the end-to-end block error rate (BLER) and net system throughput are derived, providing critical insights into reliability and efficiency. Moreover, an asymptotic BLER floor is established under high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Simulation results confirm the analytical findings and demonstrate the proposed model's potential in reducing energy consumption and enhancing data reliability. This work contributes to the development of sustainable wireless communication systems for next-generation smart networks.