Synthesis and characterization of new styrenated alkyd Resins derived from olive oil based by polyester resin modified with maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride

Abstract

Three alkyd resins from olive oil were prepared using phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and glycerol at stipulated ratios. The various physic-chemical properties of alkyd resins including acid value, saponification value, iodine value, Density, viscosity, chemical resistance and volatile matter were studied. The result is that alkyd resins are readily soluble in aprotic polar solvents such as (Toluene, Acetone, Benzene, xylene, DMF, DMSO, Methanol, and ethanol) without being in need for heating. The prepared alkyd resins were copolymerized with styrene using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the free radical generator at 150°C for 3 h. The styrenated alkyds and palm kernel oil-modified alkyds were all characterized for their physical-chemical properties following standard methods. The styrenated and unstyrenated alkyds were tested for drying schedule, solubility, adhesion, abrasion resistance and chemical resistance. All the resins showed good properties. The styrenated alkyds gave faster drying time, and chemical resistance. Unlike the unstyrenated alkyd which was only resistant to water, brine, and acidic media, the styrenated alkyds were also resistant to alkalis. Thermal analysis of styrenated and alkyd resins is conducted by using thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and thermal differential calorimeter (DSC) techniques, which reveals that these aromatic styrenated alkyd resins possess thermal stability. Styrenated and alkyd resins were characterized by FTIR and ¹HNMR spectroscopies. It can be concluded that styrenated alkyds offer improved potential applications in surface coating purposes.