Chemical Characterization OF Clays Located in Palora, Morona Santiago Province of Ecuador

Abstract

The chemical characterization of clays in Palora, Ecuador, aims to analyze their structure and elemental composition for industrial potential. The study focuses on the Mera and Tena geological formations. Two samples, designated LAPM-003 from Mera and LAPM-011 from Tena, were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRF results indicated 58% SiO₂ and 19.09% Al₂O₃ in the Mera sample, and 45.19% SiO₂ and 23.15% Al₂O₃ in the Tena sample. SEM analysis revealed moderately crystallized hexagonal structures in the Mera sample and medium crystallization in the Tena sample, indicating the presence of beidellite and other smectites. XRD analysis further confirmed the predominant minerals in the Mera sample as quartz and illite, with the Tena sample showing higher kaolinite content. The high kaolinite content and low plasticity of the Mera sample renders it well-suited for ceramic and porcelain production. Conversely, the Tena sample's smectite properties, with high cation exchange capacity and adsorptive properties, make it promising for environmental and water treatment applications. Industrial importance of Palora clays is shown for local production to promote economic development and environmental sustainability, with applications in ceramics and environmental remediation. Further research is suggested to fully exploit the potential.