Digital Profiling and Personal Data Surveillance in Islamic Jurisprudence: A Comparative Legal-Ethical Study. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, [S. l.], v. 11, n. 1s, p. 181–183, 2025. DOI: 10.64252/6hc0vh64. Disponível em: https://theaspd.com/index.php/ijes/article/view/65.. Acesso em: 15 mar. 2026.