Seasonal Trends in Air Pollution at an industrial site in Haryana and its relation with meteorological variables

Abstract

This paper examines the seasonal changes in air pollution levels and their relationship with meteorological parameters in two locations in Panipat (Industrial site and Vehicular site) over two years (2021-2022). The concentrations of SO₂, NO₂, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, CO, and Pb were analysed. The findings indicate that the maximum concentration of pollutant was recorded during the post-monsoon season, especially PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ because the wind velocity remained low, the temperature was high, and the relative humidity was high. Industrial emissions were also at the forefront at both the Industrial Site and the Vehicular Site in raising SO₂ as well as particulate matter, whereas at the Vehicular Site, the traffic-related emissions had the largest influence in raising the level of NO₂ and CO. Wind speed, temperature, and relative humidity (meteorological factors) had a high correlation with pollutant concentration, with low wind speed and high temperatures during the Post-monsoon season aggravated the quality of air through limitation of dispersion of the pollutants. The research emphasizes the relevance of meteorological conditions in air quality management plans.