Electrochemical And Thermal Characterization Of The LiNCM NM3100 Cell For EV Applications

Abstract

This study presents a detailed evaluation of the Li-NCM NM3100 battery cell, focusing on its electrochemical behavior, thermal stability, and aging characteristics under electric vehicle (EV)-relevant operating conditions. The cell demonstrates excellent thermal performance, with temperature variations restricted to approximately 0.03 °C, and maintains a low ohmic resistance in the range of 0.0042 to 0.0046 Ω·m². These factors indicate effective internal heat management and robust electrode integrity, both critical for high-power EV applications. Throughout the discharge process, the state of charge (SOC) decreases gradually from 100% to approximately 1.8%, delivering a cumulative capacity of 2.88 Ah and an energy output of 10.52 Wh. This smooth decline, without any sharp voltage drops, reflects strong coulombic efficiency and consistent energy delivery. The discharge voltage remains stable, with a plateau extending from approximately 4.20 V to 2.72 V, averaging around 3.42 V, highlighting efficient energy utilization. Even under repeated cycling, the cell retains over 90% of its capacity, confirming long-term durability and resistance to performance fade. Further analysis of differential capacity (dQ/dV) curves reveals progressive shifts and broadening of intercalation peaks and troughs, which are linked to solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth and lithium trapping—two key aging mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries. Overall, the NM3100 cell exhibits a highly stable thermal and electrochemical profile, high efficiency, and predictable aging patterns. These results make it a strong candidate for integration into next-generation EV battery systems where performance, safety, and longevity are paramount.