Smart Charging And Battery Management In Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review Of Technologies, Challenges, And Future Directions

Abstract

Owing to the exponential increase in the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) there is a requirement for improvements in charging infrastructure and battery management systems in order to maximize the efficiency of energy distribution which will allow for improved robustness and increased sustainability. Conventional charging schemes suffer from grid congestion/overloads which results in inefficiency as well as large energy loss as well as high operational burden. Intelligent charge management solutions which combine AI, machine learning and the Internet of Things will maximize energy distribution efficiency as well as allow real time monitoring of energy usage at the same time providing significant increases in grid stability. In conjunction with substituting conventional charge management of batteries there is very real-world examples which show an increase in energy efficiency as well as potential cost savings. Main results predict that the AI based optimization will increase the charging scheduling efficiency which will decrease peak demand as well as enhance the overall efficacy of the infrastructure. Also with future availability of technology such as solid-state and graphene based batteries exciting solutions are aiming to increase the energy density as well allow for greater sustainability. Future directions focus on the importance of standardized protocols, improved cybersecurity, and statutory guidelines to guarantee scaleable interoperability and widespread adoption of IoEV (Internet of Electric Vehicles) infrastructure. These breakthroughs will lead to a greener, more robust, and smarter EV ecosystem.