Towards Net-Zero: Analyzing Sustainability Reports of Global Airlines

Abstract

The aviation industry faces significant pressure to reduce its environmental footprint, aligning with global net-zero targets. This study systematically evaluates sustainability reporting among major global airlines through thematic, comparative, sentiment, and gap analyses. Utilizing publicly available sustainability reports from ten leading airlines, the research employs content analysis to identify prevalent themes, transparency practices, and strategic reporting gaps.

Findings highlight "Carbon Management," "Transparency and Reporting," and "Alternative Fuels" as the most frequently discussed sustainability themes. Clustering analysis reveals three distinct reporting profiles: comprehensive reporters emphasizing detailed ESG disclosures, moderate reporters focusing primarily on carbon emissions, and limited reporters exhibiting minimal sustainability coverage. Sentiment analysis indicates varying degrees of positivity, with airlines generally adopting optimistic language to portray sustainability initiatives, although with notable differences in objectivity and subjectivity.

A gap analysis assessing alignment with established ESG reporting frameworks (GRI, SASB, TCFD) uncovers significant discrepancies, suggesting a need for greater industry standardization. Strong correlations emerge between carbon management practices, transparency levels, and governance structures, reinforcing the importance of comprehensive and transparent ESG disclosure.

This research highlights transparency gaps and best practices in airline sustainability reporting, providing valuable insights for enhancing industry-wide ESG standards. Findings carry implications for airlines, policymakers, and investors, advocating enhanced accountability and strategic alignment to effectively advance towards global net-zero aviation goals.