Crop Production And Genomic Science

Abstract

Agricultural biotechnology has emerged as a key player in crop improvement by leveraging scientific techniques to modify genes that enhance resistance to biotic and abiotic stress and improve crop quality. As the field has evolved from Mendelian genetics to molecular biotechnology, there have been significant advancements in crop improvement strategies. Recent biotechnological innovations have focused on eliminating physiological limitations in crops and increasing their yield potential.

By utilizing various agricultural biotechnological tools such as genetic engineering, tissue culture, embryo rescue, somatic hybridization, molecular marker-assisted selection, genome doubling, and omics technologies, numerous transgenic crops have been developed and approved for commercialization over the years. The application of these technologies has led to increased crop yields, reduced CO2 emissions, decreased pesticide and insecticide use, and lowered crop production costs.

Despite the vast potential of biotechnology and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to enhance global food security, there are growing concerns regarding their impact on the environment and human health. These concerns have raised questions about the safety and ecological risks of genetically modified crops. This review will explore the applications and concerns of biotechnology in crop improvement, with particular attention to potential health hazards and environmental risks.